江西彭泽县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮选练 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 江西彭泽县 2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮选练 阅读理解。 It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers(生产商) follow certain uniform standards for various features(特征) of clothes. What seems strange, however, is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men. Take a look at the way your clothes button. Men's clothes tend to button from the right, and women's from the left. Considering most of the world's population----men and women----are right-handed, the men's standard would appear to make more sense for women. So why do women's clothes button from the left? History really seems to matter here. Buttons first appeared only on the clothes of the rich in the 17th century, when rich women were dressed by servants. For the mostly right-handed servants, having women's shirts button from the left would be easier. On the other hand, having men's shirts button from the right made sense, too. Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hand would be less likely to get caught in the shirt. Today women are seldom dressed by servants, but buttoning from the left is still the standard for them. Is it interesting? Actually, a standard, once set, resists change. At a time when all women's shirts buttoned from the left, it would have been risky for any single manufacturer to offer women's shirts that buttoned from the right. After all, women had grown so used to shirts which buttoned from the left and would have to develop new habits and skills to switch. Besides, some women might have found it socially awkward to appear in public wearing shirts that buttoned from the right, since anyone who noticed that would believe they were wearing men's shirts. ( ) 1. What is surprising about the standard of the clothing industry? A. It has been followed by the industry for over 400 years. B. It is different for men's clothing and women's. C. It woks better with men than with women. D. It fails to consider right-handed people. ( ) 2. What do we know about the rich men in the 17th century? A. They tended to wear clothes without buttons. B. They were interested in the historical matters. C. They were mostly dressed by servants. D. They drew their swords from the left. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 ( ) 3. Women's clothes still button from the left today because. A. adopting men's style is improper for women B. manufacturers should follow standards C. modern women dress themselves D. customs are hard to change ( ) 4. The passage is mainly developed by. A. analyzing causes B. making comparisons C. examining differences D. following the time order 【语篇解读 语篇解读】本文由男女衣服的不同,分析产生这种不同的原因,并且告诉我们这种不同为 语篇 解读 什么延续到现在. 1. 答案 B 【解析】 细节理解题. "What seems strange , however, is that the standard adopted for women 由 is the opposite of the one for men."可知男女衣服的标准不一样令人惊奇.所以答案选 B 项. 2. 答案 D 【解析】 细节理解题. 根据文中 "Most men dressed themselves, and a sword drawn from the left with the right hang would be less likely to get caught in the shirt."可判断选 D 项. 3. 答案 D 【解析】细节理解题.根据"Actually, a standard , once set, resists change."可知,习惯 一旦 养成,就很难改变是女式衣服的纽扣仍然在左边的原因.由此判断选 D 项. 4. 答案 A 【解析】组织结构题.通观整篇文章可以看出,作在开始提到一个现象――男女衣服的标准 相反, 然后分析这种现象产生的历史原因,最后告诉我们现在这是这样的原因.由此判断选 A 项. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2014 高考模拟题】 New crime prediction software should reduce not only the murder rate, but the rate of other crimes. Developed by Richard Berk, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, the software has already used in Baltimore and Philadelphia to predict which individuals on probation(缓 刑) or parole(假释) are most likely to murder and to be murdered. “When a person goes on probation or parole he is supervised(监督) by an officer. The question is ‘what level of supervision is appropriate?’” said Berk. It used to be that parole officers used the person’s criminal record, and their judgment to make decisions. “This research replaces those seat-of-the –pants calculations,” he said. Technology helps determine level of supervision. On average there is one murder for every 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 100,000 people. Even among high-risk groups the murder rate is one in 100. Predicting such a rare event is very difficult, but advances in computer technology works. Years ago, the researchers made a dataset of more than 60,000 various crimes. Using the software they developed, they found some much more likely to commit murder when paroled or probated. They could identify eight future murderers out of 100. Berk’s software examines roughly two dozen variables(可变因素), from criminal record to geographic location. The type of crimes, and more importantly, the age at which that crime was committed, were two of the most predictive variables. “People assume that if someone murdered then they will murder in the future,” said Berk. “ What really matters is what that person did as a young individual. Predicting future crimes sounds well. But we aren’t anywhere near being able to do that.” “Berk’s scientific answer leaves policymakers with difficult questions. By labeling one group of people as high risk, and supervise them closely, there should be fewer murders, which the potential victims should be happy about. It also means that those high-risk individuals will be supervised more aggressively. For human rights advocates, that means punishing people who, most likely, will not commit a crime in the future,” said Bushway. “It comes down to a question of whether you would rather make these errors or those errors.” 21. The underlined words(in Para.3) probably mean___. A. calculations based on subjective opinions B. calculations based on widespread voting C. calculations made by advanced technology D. calculations based on serious considering 22. For 650 people with crime records, how many potential murderers would the software find? A. 6.5. B. 13. C. 52. D. 65. 23. From Para 7, we can infer that______. A. the technology developed by Richard Berk will soon be widely used in the US B. the technology would not be widely accepted in the short term C. whether a person murders or not largely decided by his upbringing while young D. if a person murdered when he was fifty, he is sure to murder again while on probation 24. Bushway’s attitude to the technology put forward by Richard Berk is ____. A. positive B. negative C. objective D. indifferent 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 25. Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Closely Supervise Potential Murders B. Measures Taken to Prevent Criminal Behavior C. Technology Revolutionizes Judges’ Way of Working D. Software is Developed to Predict Criminal Behavior 【参考答案】 (A) ACBCD 阅读下列短文， 从每题所给的四个选项( A. B. C. D ) 中，选出最佳选项。 【2014 高考模拟题】 That summer an army of crickets(蟋蟀) started a war with my father. Dad didn’t care for insects much more than Mamma, but he could tolerate a few living in the basement. Mamma was a city girl and she said a cricket was just too noisy. Then to support her point she wouldn’t go to bed. She drank coffee and smoked my father’s cigarettes and paced between the sofa and the TV. Next morning she threatened to pack up and leave, so Dad drove to the store and hurried back. He sprayed poison from a jug. When he was finished he told us that was the end of it. For a couple of weeks we went back to find dead crickets in the laundry. He suggested that we’d all be better off to hide as many as we could from Mamma. I fed a few dozen to the cat who I didn’t like because he scratched for no reason. However, soon live crickets started showing up in the kitchen and bathroom. Mamma was upset because she thought they were the dead crickets coming back, but Dad said these were certainly new ones. He fetched his jug of poison and sprayed all over until the whole house smelled of poison, and then he sprayed the basement again. A couple of weeks later, when both live and dead crickets kept turning up, Dad emptied the basement of junk. Then he burned a lot of old newspapers and magazines which he said the crickets had turned into nests. While we ate supper that evening, the wind lifted some flames onto the wood pile. The only gasoline was in the lawn mower’s(割草机) fuel tank but that was enough to create an explosion big enough to reach the house. Once the roof caught, there wasn’t much anyone could do. After the fire trucks left, Mamma took the others to Aunt Gail’s. I helped Dad and Uncle Burt 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 carry things out of the house and pile them by the road. We worked into the night and we didn’t talk much, while all around the noise of crickets broke our silence. 56. What do we know about the author’s mother? A. She didn’t like insects at all. B. She liked insects more than his father. C. She cared for insects very much. D. She could only tolerate a few insects. 57. The author’s father drove to the store to buy _______. A. cigarettes for himself B. some poison C. more coffee for his wife D. some gasoline 58. The author’s father burned the old newspapers and magazines because he thought ______. A. they were no longer useful B. the crickets were afraid of fires C. they became the home of crickets D. the dead crickets came back to life 59. We learn from the last paragraph that ________. A. the author’s family lost their battle against the crickets B. the author’s parents learned to put up with insects C. the author’s family didn’t suffer much in the fire D. the author’s parents got divorced 【参考答 案】 56—59、ABCA 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界上海市宝山区质量监测】 Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 look at the mold ( 霉 ) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal—and so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities. “Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that there’s no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that before?” The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer. 72. What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph? A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident. B. A person who has had no education. C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity. D. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation. 73. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators? A. The way they present their findings. B. The way they deal with problems. C. The intelligence they possess. D. The variety of ideas they have. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 74.The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are _____. A. unwilling to follow common ways of doing things B. diligent in pursuing their goals C. concerned about the advance of society D. devoted to the progress of science 75.The most suitable title for this passage might be _____. A. The Relation Between Creation and Diligence B. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human Creativity C. What Are So Special about Creative Individuals D. Discoveries and Innovation 【参考答案】72—75 DBAC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界内蒙古巴市一中一模】A Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier---the shark(鲨 鱼). Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms. Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure. If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather. Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas. She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University. Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001. Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 in sharks.” “I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research.” It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system. At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts. She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research. 56. The passage is most probably taken from _____. A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine C. a research paper D. a personal diary 57. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage? A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather. B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled. C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job. D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster. 58. Lauren Smith conducted her research by _______. A. removing hair cells from a shark’s balance system B. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts C. recording sharks’ body temperature D. monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes 59. What is the passage mainly about? A. A popular way of forecasting weather. B. A new research effort in predicting storms. C. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks. D. Lauren Smith’s devotion to scientific research. 【参考答案】56—59、BADB