2018届二轮复习从题材角度题型探究完形填空选项设置课件（84张） 84页

2018 年二轮复习 完形填空选项设置 题型探究 【1】 记叙文 【典例】 　　 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ 　 41 　 my job. Family to Feed. ” At this store, a 　 42 　 like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and made a 　 43 　 on how bad it must be to have to stand 　 44 　 in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to 　 45 　 something they thought our “friend” there would 　 46 　 . They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a 　 47 　 . I thought about it. We were 　 48 　 on cash ourselves, but. . . well, sometimes 　 49 　 from our need instead of our abundance is 　 50 　 what we need to do! All the kids 　 51 　 something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of 　 52 　 , he lit up and thanked us with 　 53 　 eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for 　 54 　 his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful 　 55 　 for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can 　 56 　 ! Things would have played out so 　 57 　 if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have 　 58 　 to give more. ”Stepping out not only helped a brother in 　 59 　 , it also gave my kids the 　 60 　 taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them. 41. A. Quit B. Changed C. Lost D. Finished 42. A. condition B. place C. sight D. show 43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call 44. A. by B. proudly C. outside D. angrily 45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick 46. A. appreciate B. supply C. order D. discover 47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card 48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging 50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just 51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected 52. A. food B. medicine C. toys D. clothes 53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp 54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 55. A. message B. example C. experience D. adventure 56. A. rely on B. respect C. learn from D. help 57. A. suddenly B. vividly C. differently D. perfectly 58. A. time B. power C. patience D. money 59. A. need B. love C. fear D. memory 60. A. strong B. sweet C. strange D. simple 【解题思路】 第一步　读原文　理双线 文章讲述了在周末作者带孩子们去超市 , 在路上看到一个需要帮助的人。在超市里作者和孩子买了许多东西给这个需要帮助的人的故事。 ( 一 ) 情节线 heading into the supermarket→spotted a man→I asked each of my kids to pick something→we handed him the bag ( 二 ) 情感线 we spotted a man→my 10-year-old child made a comment→my 17-year-old child suggested giving him a gift card→he lit up and thanked us→he burst into tears 第二步　品原文析选项 ( 一 ) 部分答案直接选 以下题目 , 在第一遍阅读时即可选出 ; 你能写出它们的答案吗 ? 41. __; 53. __; 55. __; 56. __; 58. __; 60. __  ( 二 ) 逻辑题目细推断 52. 根据上文的 apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice 可知是食物。 故选 __ 。 54. 这是一个宾语从句 , 从句谓语 need 缺少宾语。故选 __ 。 57. 文章此处是假设了一种和上文不同的情况。故选 __ 。 C B C D D B A B C ( 三 ) 依照语境词义辨 42. 在这家商店 , 像这样的场景并不常见。故选 __ 。 45. 在商店里 , 我要求每一个孩子挑选一些他们认为我们的“朋友”可能 会喜爱的东西。故选 __ 。 46. 这里指那位“朋友”可能喜爱的东西。故选 __ 。 49. 但是有时给予我们自己需要的而不是我们所富有的恰好是我们需要 做的。故选 __ 。 50. 这恰好是我们需要做的。故选 __ 。 51. 所有的孩子都宣布一些本周他们不需要的东西。故选 __ 。 C D A A D A ( 四 ) 重复词汇直接选 47. 第四段第二句中 ________ 是本题的同词复现。故选 __ 。 ( 五 ) 搭配题目填一填 43. make a ________ on 对 …… 发表看法。我 10 岁的孩子注意到他 , 并 评论说他在寒风中站在外面一定很难受。故选 __ 。 48. be ____ on 缺乏。根据下文可知 , 作者家里也不富裕 , 所以作者说我 们也缺乏金钱。故选 __ 。 59. in _____ 在危难中。走出去不仅仅帮助了在危难中的兄弟。故选 __ 。 gift card D comment B low B need A ( 六 ) 依据常识选答案 44. 根据常识可知是站在外面。故选 __ 。 C 1. 体裁技巧 —— 记叙文 　　 (1) 体裁特点 　　根据记叙文体裁的特点 , 文章中有一明一暗两条线索。明的线索是故事情节发展的线索 ; 暗的线索是故事主人公感情变化的线索。 记叙文完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式 , 一般第一句不设空 , 交代事件的时间、地点、人物等要素 , 然后再展开。 　　 (2) 设题特点 记叙文在高考中占很大比重 , 有人物故事、历史故事、励志故事等 , 切入的角度主要是对社会、家庭、历史、文化、健康、科技等方面的反思 , 以情感抒发为主。 2. 考点技巧 —— 利用词汇复现解题 完形填空中 , 考生可以利用上下文的复现信息确定正确答案。涵盖内容 : 原词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词复现等。 【典例 1 】 They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. The loud 　 37 　 filled the room and made them feel very happy. 37. A. voice 　　　　 B. ring 　　　　 C. music 　　　 D. cry 【点拨】 原词复现。上句中的 music 与本题选项中的 music 是原词复现 , 故选 C 。 【典例 2 】 Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 　 42 (impossible) to deal with was that the day before the 　 43 　 , Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 　 44 (choice) of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to 　 45 (express) . 43. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure 【点拨】 同义词复现。根据上文“ a car crash” 可知与选项中的 accident 同义。选 C 。 【典例 3 】 When hunting season opened, we put a 27 (sign) at the end of our driveway asking 　 28 　 not to shoot our pet grouse. 28. A. drivers B. farmers C. hunters D. tourists 【点拨】 同源词复现。根据前面的 When hunting season opened( 当狩猎季开始时 ) 可知 , hunting 与 28 选项中的 hunters 是同源词。结合句意 , 选 C 。 【典例 4 】 Apparently, she didn’t like to be 20 (ignored) . She’d run up and peck( 啄 )at Tom’s hands, then 　 21 　 off to see what he would do. 21. A. put B. back C. set D. take 【点拨】 反义词复现。前句 She’d run up and peck at Tom’s hands( 她跑过去啄一下汤姆的手 ) 中 run up 与 back off 构成反义词。再结合句意 , 选 B 。 【误区纠偏】 【典例】 The next day, we got a 　 27 (disappointing) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price. Even so, we decided to talk with the 　 28 　 directly. We made our final offer, which 　 29 (still) was thousands of dollars less than the other buyer’s bid. We knew it, 30 (but) we had to try. “Sold! ”said the owner. . . . 28. A. agents B. buyers C. managers D. owners 【点拨】 有些选项中的词汇在原文中出现 , 但是不一定符合上下文的语境 , 需要特别注意 , 以防误选。尽管 B 选项在上下文中多次出现 , 但是根据语境和下一段第一句的提示可知 , 此处表达“我们”直接跟房屋所有者对话 , 而不是跟买家。故选 D 。 题型探究 【2】 议论文 【典例】 　　 Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford, I’ve watched one friend after another land high-ranking, high-paying Wall Street jobs. As executives( 高级管理人员 )with banks, consulting firms, established law firms, and major corporations, many are now 　 21 　 on their way to impressive careers. By society’s 　 22 　 , they seem to have it made. On the surface, these people seem to be very lucky in life. As they left student life behind, many had a 　 23 　 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 　 24 　 out of small apartments into high buildings. They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine 　 25 　 a college year’s monthly rent. They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars. The thing is, a number of them have 　 26 　 that despite their success, they aren’t happy. Some 　 27 　 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted to tasks they 　 28 　 . Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tired and 　 29 　 . However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the 　 30 　 to which they have so quickly become 　 31 　 . People often speak of trying a more satisfying path, and 　 32 　 in the end the idea of leaving their jobs to work for something they 　 33 　 or finding a position that would give them more time with their families almost always leads them to the same conclusion: it’s 　 34 　 . They have loans, bills, a mortgage( 抵押贷款 )to 　 35 　 , retirement to save for. They recognize there’s something 　 36 　 in their lives, but it’s 　 37 　 to step off the track. In a society that tends to 　 38 　 everything in terms of dollars and cents, we learn from a young age to consider the costs of our 　 39 　 in financial terms. But what about the personal and social costs 　 40 　 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. 21. A. much B. never C. seldom D. well 22. A. policies B. standards C. experiments D. regulations 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 24. A. cycled B. moved C. slid D. looked 25. A. shared B. paid C. equaled D. collected 26. A. advertised B. witnessed C. admitted D. demanded 27. A. complain B. dream C. hear D. approve 28. A. distribute B. hate C. applaud D. neglect 29. A. calm B. guilty C. warm D. empty 30. A. family B. government C. lifestyle D. project 31. A. accustomed B. appointed C. unique D. available 32. A. yet B. also C. instead D. rather 33. A. let out B. turn in C. give up D. believe in 34. A. fundamental B. practical C. impossible D. unforgettable 35. A. take off B. drop off C. put off D. pay off 36. A. missing B. inspiring C. sinking D. shining 37. A. harmful B. hard C. useful D. normal 38. A. measure B. suffer C. digest D. deliver 39. A. disasters B. motivations C. campaigns D. decisions 40. A. assessed B. involved C. covered D. reduced 【解题思路】 第一步　采论点引论据 本文是一篇议论文 , 但并没有像一些典型的议论文那样 , 在开头给 出论点 , 而是一直到第三段才提出 : 尽管成功 , 但是很多人并不快乐。 前两段铺垫了一种简单但快乐的生活氛围 ; 最后两段阐述了不快乐的 原因 , 也与前两段构成对比。 第二步　品原文析选项 ( 一 ) 部分答案直接选 以下题目 , 在第一遍阅读时即可选出 ; 你能写出它们的答案吗 ? 24. __; 29. __; 32. __  B D A ( 二 ) 逻辑题目细推断 21. 上文提到这些人作为银行、咨询公司、地位稳固的法律事务所和 大公司的高层管理人员 , 可以得出 , 这些人在职业生涯道路上已经做得 很好了。故选 __ 。 23. 根据上下文可知 , 此处是说他们即将离开学生时代 , 所以在酒吧喝 下最后一杯酒。故选 __ 。 26. 根据后一句“尽管他们很成功 , 但是他们不快乐” , 并且后文陈述一 些不快乐的原因可知 , 此处应该是承认了这个事实。故选 __ 。 27. 此处在列举他们不快乐的原因 , 所以对不友好的同事应该是心存抱 怨。故选 __ 。 D A C A 28. 同上题一样 , 此处还是在列举不快乐的原因 , 所以对工作是反感的。 故选 __ 。 36. 此处是说他们已经意识到自己的生活中错过了很多 , 却很难离开既 定的轨道。故选 __ 。 B A ( 三 ) 依照语境词义辨 22. 由上文意思和介词 by 可知 , 应该是“按社会标准衡量”。故选 __ 。 25. 由本句语境可知 , 他们现在预订的餐馆都很贵 , 里面一瓶红酒的价 格比得上大学里一个月的房租。故选 __ 。 30. 然而 , 他们并没有全身心投入工作 , 他们发现自己工作只是为了支 持现有的一种他们已经快速习惯了的生活方式 ( 指前文提到的在高级 餐馆用餐、换高档车 ) 。故选 __ 。 33. 然而因为他们所信仰的事情而离开自己的工作是不可能的。故选 __ 。 B C C D 34. 最后他们得出了结论 : 这是不可能的。故选 __ 。 37. 他们已经意识到自己的生活中错过了很多事情 , 却很难离开既定的 轨道。故选 __ 。 38. 由整篇文章的内容可知 , 在当今社会人们总是趋向于用金钱去衡量 所有事情。故选 __ 。 39. 由本句的语境可知 , 我们从小就会考虑我们在财政方面所做的决定 所付出的代价。故选 __ 。 C B A D ( 四 ) 搭配题目填一填 31. become ___________ to 习惯于 , 是固定短语。故选 __ 。 40. ________ 与介词 in 搭配 , 意为“涉及”。故选 __ 。 ( 五 ) 依据常识选答案 35. 根据常识 , 贷款、账单、抵押贷款应该要还清。故选 __ 。 accustomed A involved B D 1. 体裁技巧 —— 议论文 　　 (1) 议论文要素 　　议论文是一种剖析事物、论述原理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。典型的议论文一般由论点、论据和论证三部分组成。 不同的议论文论点的提出方式往往不同 , 大体有以下三种情况 : ① 开门见山式 : 提出论点 → 引用具体的论据 → 总结全文 ② 启发式 : 叙述具体的事情或现象 → 针对问题提出论点 → 用论据说明论点 ③ 概括式 : 列举生活中的现象 → 分析具体现象 → 得出结论 　　 (2) 解题技巧 针对以上特点 , 在解答议论文完形填空时要注意以下几个方面 : ① 采论点。议论文的论点就是作者的观点 , 是作者对某一事物的看法。考生应该通过浏览文章把握作者的观点 , 这也就找准了文章的论点。 　　 ② 引论据。议论文的论点一般带有明显的倾向性 , 或褒或贬 , 或赞成或反对 , 把握了作者的这种倾向可以对论据进行导向 , 有利于一些有倾向性的选项的选择。 　　 ③ 重首句。英语议论文大多数首句就是论点 ; 每段的首句就是段落主题句。因此抓住首句和每段的首句重要性不言自明。 2. 考点技巧 —— 利用固定搭配解题 　　答题时 , 对习惯用法、固定搭配和句子结构的分析有助于找出正确选项。在平常应该有意识地记忆一些常用的固定搭配和习惯用法 , 并且要掌握它们的灵活用法 , 以不变应万变。常见句型的掌握也很重要 , 经过反复使用的刺激后 , 大脑会对常见句型形成思维定势 , 这对解答题目很有帮助。 【典例 1 】 But what about the personal and social costs 　 40 　 in pursuing money over meaning? These are exactly the kinds of costs many of us tend to ignore—and the very ones we need to consider most. 40. A. assessed 　　 B. involved 　　 C. covered 　　　 D. reduced 【点拨】 动词短语搭配。但涉及为了追求金钱而忽略生活的意义的个人和社会成本又该怎么计算呢 ? involve in 是固定短语 , 意为“涉及” , 故选 B 。 【典例 2 】 I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on. The stories of his unconventional 　 36 (ideas) and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so 　 37 (amazing) to me and had such a big 　 38 　 on how I saw life from then on. 38. A. strike B. push C. challenge D. impact 【点拨】 名词短语搭配题。此处表达伯尼 · 西格尔的书对作者的影响。 have an impact on 是固定短语 , 意为“对 …… 有影响”。故选 D 。 【典例 3 】 (This grouse came into our lives in 13 (spring) . Tom was working out in the field when he 14 (noticed) her walking around at the edge of the field. She was 15 (surprisingly) unafraid and seemed to be 　 16 　 about what he was doing. 16. A. crazy B. curious C. concerned D. cautious 【点拨】 形容词短语搭配题。松鸡对丈夫正在做的事情似乎感到好奇。固定表达 be curious about 对 …… 感到好奇 , 符合语境。故选 B 。 【典例 4 】 It was then 　 25 　 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 (balancing) family and work. 25. A. when B. where C. which D. that 【点拨】 固定句式搭配题。当句首出现 It is/was 时 , 首先考虑是不是强调句。本题中把 It was 和 25 空去掉后 , 句子结构完整 , 句意通顺 , 由此可以判断是强调句 , 填 that 。故选 D 。 【误区纠偏】 【典例】 Back home, I 29 (reminded) myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she 30 (managed) to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be 31 (independent) . I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable 　 32 　 . 32. A. examples B. limits C. rules D. goals 【点拨】 动宾短语搭配题。确定高的可实现的目标。 set a goal 确定目标 , 固定短语。 achievable 也起提示作用。本题中动词 set 与选项中的名词皆可搭配 , 构成动宾短语 : set an example 树立榜样 ; set a limit(to) 限定 , 限制 ; set a rule 制定规则。我们容易受自己所积累的短语影响 , 先入为主 , 在浏览全文时填入自己熟悉的短语 , 造成误选。解决这类搭配题目 , 还要结合上下文语境 , 切不可抛开文章。故选 D 。 题型探究 夹叙夹议文 【典例】 I had worried myself sick over Simon’s mother coming to see me. I was a new 　 21 　 , and I gave an honest account of the students’ work. In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn’t read his own handwriting. 22 　 he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. His work in no way reflected his 　 23 　 . So when Simon’s mother entered the room, my palms( 手掌心 )were sweating. I was completely 　 24 　 for her kisses on both my cheeks. “I came to thank you, ”she said, surprising me beyond speech. 25 　 me, Simon had become a different person. He talked of how he 　 26 　 me, he had begun to make friends, and for the first time in his twelve years, he had 　 27 　 spent an afternoon at a friend’s house. She wanted to tell me how grateful she was for the 　 28 　 I had nurtured( 培养 )in her son. She kissed me again and left. I sat, stunned( 惊呆 ), for about half an hour, 29 　 what had just happened. How did I make such a life-changing difference to that boy without 　 30 　 knowing it? What I finally came to 　 31 　 was one day, several months before, when some students were 　 32 　 reports in the front of the class, Jeanne spoke 　 33 　 , and to encourage her to raise her voice, I had said, “Speak up. Simon’s the expert on this. He is the 　 34 　 one you have to convince, and he can’t hear you in the 　 35 　 of the room. ”That was it. From that day on, Simon had sat up straighter, paid more attention, 36 　 more, and became happy. And it was all because he 　 37 　 to be the last kid in the last row. The boy who most needed 　 38 　 was the one who took the last seat that day. It taught me the most 　 39 　 lesson over the years of my teaching career, and I’m thankful that it came 　 40 　 and positively. A small kindness can indeed make a difference. 21. A. cleaner B. reporter C. monitor D. teacher 22. A. Or B. And C. But D. So 23. A. courage B. abilities C. feelings D. dream 24. A. desperate B. responsible C. unprepared D. unsuitable 25. A. Because of B. In spite of C. Apart from D. As for 26. A. loved B. envied C. pleased D. criticized 27. A. gradually B. constantly C. recently D. obviously 28. A. self-respect B. self-doubt C. self-pity D. self-defense 29. A. imagining B. observing C. wondering D. regretting 30. A. also B. even C. always D. still 31. A. expect B. remember C. believe D. accept 32. A. writing B. reviewing C. editing D. giving 33. A. quietly B. repeatedly C. quickly D. firmly 34. A. lucky B. lonely C. only D. likely 35. A. entrance B. middle C. front D. back 36. A. slept B. smiled C. shouted D. quarreled 37. A. intended B. pretended C. refused D. happened 38. A. change B. praise C. thanks D. visits 39. A. difficult B. painful C. valuable D. enjoyable 40. A. early B. slowly C. frequently D. occasionally 【解题思路】 第一步　抓主题理逻辑 本文主要讲述了作者作为一位新老师所经历的一件意想不到的事情 : 一个成绩非常差、书写糟糕的孩子的母亲竟然来感谢作者对孩子的教导。感谢作者给孩子带来的改变 , 作者经过一番思索之后才恍然大悟。 文章前三段以记叙为主 , 以倒叙的方式讲述了故事发生的背景和过程 ; 最后一段是议论 , 是作者经历这件事情以后的感悟。 第二步　品原文析选项 ( 一 ) 部分答案直接选 以下题目 , 在第一遍阅读时即可选出 ; 你能写出它们的答案吗 ? 21. __; 25. __; 29. __; 32. __; 36. __  ( 二 ) 逻辑题目细推断 22. 空格前后两句之间是转折关系。故选 __ 。 23. 他很聪明 , 能用成人的理解力去讨论成人的问题 , 他的作业 ( 写的字 ) 绝不可能反映出他的能力。故选 __ 。 D A C D B C B 31. 前文交代坐在那儿花了半小时的时间在想 , 后文交代是几个月前的 某一天 , 说明作者是在记起为什么 Simon 变化会那么大。故选 __ 。 38. Simon 是由于作者在鼓励 Jeanne 的时候顺带得到了作者的肯定 , 于 是便变得不同了 , 说明孩子特别需要表扬。故选 __ 。 40. 前文提到作者是位新老师 , 所以这件事发生在作者教学生涯的早 期。故选 __ 。 B B A ( 三 ) 依照语境词义辨 26. 从前后文语境来看 , 孩子是喜欢老师的。故选 __ 。 27. 此处表示“最近他 12 年来第一次在朋友家待一下午”。故选 __ 。 28. Simon 的妈妈是想要告诉老师孩子的改变 , 此处肯定选择褒义词 , 表示作者培养了孩子的自尊。故选 __ 。 30. 作者很困惑 , 自己甚至都不知道如何给的这个孩子改变一生的影 响。故选 __ 。 33. 后文作者鼓励 Jeanne 要大声地说。说明原来 Jeanne 声音太小了。 故选 __ 。 34. 他是唯一一个你必须说服的人。故选 __ 。 39. 我认为这一次经历是带给我最有价值的一次课。故选 __ 。 A C A B A C C ( 四 ) 搭配题目填一填 24. unprepared 与 for 搭配 , 意为“无准备的”。故选 __ 。 37. happen to do 是固定搭配 , 意为“碰巧 , 突然发生”。故选 __ 。 ( 五 ) 依据常识选答案 35. 根据常识 , 说话声音不大的话最后一排的人听不到。故选 __ 。 C D D 1. 体裁技巧 —— 夹叙夹议文 (1) 体裁特点 　　近年来 , 夹叙夹议类文章在高考完形填空中出现的频率越来越高。其特点有 : 　　 ① 主题鲜明 : 接近生活实际 , 内容积极且有教育意义 ; ② 逻辑理顺 : 结构清晰 , 脉络有序 , 先议后叙或先叙后议 ; 记叙议论有机结合统一 , 记叙为议论服务 , 议论又论证记叙。 (2) 解题技巧 解答夹叙夹议类完形填空时 , 思维应灵活 , 抓住作者的观点即主题 , 把叙事和明理联系起来 , 随着记叙与议论的转换 , 及时调整思维方式。文章主要讲述了“我”作为一位新老师所经历的一件意想不到的事情 , 一个成绩非常差 , 书写糟糕的孩子的母亲竟然来感谢我对孩子的教导。感谢“我”给孩子带来的改变 , “ 我”经过一番思索之后才恍然大悟。文章前两段讲述一位母亲的感激 , 第三段讲述一个小小的善举给一个内向的孩子带来鼓励。最后一段点出主旨 : 小善举大意义。文章先叙后议 , 需要全局把握 , 用主旨来引导记叙 , 提高正确率。 2. 考点技巧 —— 利用逻辑推理解题 完形填空的逻辑推理多涉及文章的行文走势 , 句子之间或段落之间的衔接过渡 , 文章中人物与情节的穿插等。常见的逻辑关系包括因果关系、对比关系、并列关系、转折关系、让步关系、递进关系等。这种逻辑关系经常出现在夹叙夹议文和议论文中 , 近几年的高考 , 多考查因果关系。 【典例 1 】 “ Daily Star , sir, ”called Jason, carrying some newspapers under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty 　 31(papers) left. His voice was almost gone and his heart was 　 32 　 . 32. A. open 　　　　 B. heavy 　　　　 C. pure 　　　　 D. weak 【点拨】 因果关系推理。根据上文可知 , 小男孩还有 20 份报纸没卖完 , 因而心情十分沉重。故选 B 。 【典例 2 】 Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners, a nice elderly couple, we felt the warmth and 　 21 　 of the marriage within that home. 21. A. pride B. happiness C. challenge D. desire 【点拨】 并列关系推理。和这对和蔼的老夫妇交谈着走过房间 , 我们感觉到他们家中婚姻的温馨和幸福。 and 前后语意应该一致 , 故用 happiness 对应前面的 warmth 。故选 B 。 【典例 3 】 In Simon’s case, the grades were awfully low. He couldn’t read his own handwriting. 22 　 he was a bright student. He discussed adult subjects with nearly adult comprehension. 22. A. Or B. And C. But D. So 【点拨】 转折关系推理。根据上面的叙述 the grades were awfully low 和 He couldn’t read his own handwriting 可知 : 他的成绩差并且字也不好看 , “ 但是”他是一个“ bright”( 聪明的 ) 学生。由此可知 , 上下句之间表示转折关系。故选 C 。 【典例 4 】 Simon had 52 (returned to) the camp at the foot of the mountain. He thought that Joe must be 　 53 　 , but he didn’t want to leave 54 (immediately) . Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice. He couldn’t 55 (believe) it. Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive. 53. A. dead B. hurt C. weak D. late 【点拨】 对比关系推理。根据这一段的最后一个单词 alive 可知 , Simon 认为 Joe 一定已经死了 , 故选 A 。 【误区纠偏】 【典例】 When I arrived at the 44 (restaurant) , I apologized and told Eleanor I didn’t mean to be late. She screamed, “You never mean to. ”Well, I 45 (could) tell she was angry. “I’m sorry but it was not 46 (avoidable) , ”I said. Then I told her about the business meeting. 47 (However) , my explanation seemed to make things worse, which started to drive 　 48 　 mad as well. 48. A. her B. him C. me D. them 【点拨】 逻辑推理题。此题容易误选 her, 认为他妻子很生气。其实前文已经提到他妻子很生气 , 此处不需要再重复 , 而是妻子的行为举动也让“我” ( 作者 ) 非常生气。解决此题的关键是短语 as well, 意为“也” , 故选 C 。 题型探究 说明文 【典例】 　　 If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a 　 36 　 reason, such as your job or your studies? 37 　 perhaps you’re interested in the 　 38 　 , films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a 　 39 　 of the language. Most people learn best using a variety of 　 40 　 , but traditional classes are an ideal( 理想的 )start for many people. They 　 41 　 an environment where you can practice under the 　 42 　 of someone who’s good at the language. We all lead 　 43 　 lives and learning a language takes 　 44 　 . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a 　 45 　 . It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes 　 46 　 . Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “I’m too 　 47 　 , ”they say. Yes, children do learn languages more 　 48 　 than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any 　 49 　 . And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. I’ve also heard people 　 50 　 about the mistakes they make when 　 51 　 . Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes 　 52 　 you’re much less likely to make them again. Learning a new language is never 　 53 　 . But with some work and devotion, you’ll make progress. And you’ll be 　 54 　 by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in 　 55 　 own language. Good luck! 36. A. technical B. political C. practical D. physical 37. A. After B. So C. Though D. Or 38. A. literature B. transport C. agriculture D. medicine 39. A. view B. knowledge C. form D. database 40. A. paintings B. regulations C. methods D. computers 41. A. protect B. change C. respect D. provide 42. A. control B. command C. guidance D. pressure 43. A. busy B. happy C. simple D. normal 44. A. courage B. time C. energy D. place 45. A. theory B. business C. routine D. project 46. A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more 47. A. old B. nervous C. weak D. tired 48. A. closely B. quickly C. privately D. quietly 49. A. age B. speed C. distance D. school 50. A. worry B. hesitate C. think D. quarrel 51. A. singing B. working C. bargaining D. learning 52. A. if B. and C. but D. before 53. A. tiresome B. hard C. interesting D. easy 54. A. blamed B. amazed C. interrupted D. informed 55. A. their B. his C. our D. your 【解题思路】 第一步　明对象　顺脉络 　　本文是说明文 , 说明的对象是学习新语言。第一段指出要知道为 什么学习新语言 ; 第二段介绍了学习新语言的方式和学习时间 ; 第三 段解释了年龄不是新语言学习的障碍 ; 最后一段是鼓舞和激励。 第二步　品原文　析选项 ( 一 ) 部分答案直接选 　　以下题目 , 在第一遍阅读时即可选出 ; 你能写出它们的答案吗 ? 41. __; 45. __; 48. __; 49. __  D C B A ( 二 ) 逻辑题目细推断 36. 根据后文提到工作和学习可知 , 这是一些实际原因。故选 __ 。 40. 根据后文传统课堂可知 , 此处介绍学习方法。故选 __ 。 42. 根据后文 good at 提示 , 学得好的人可以提供指导。故选 __ 。 43. 后文谈论学习时间 , 所以此处说我们都过着忙碌的生活。故选 __ 。 44. 后文谈论学习时间 , 所以此处说学习语言花费时间。故选 __ 。 47. 后文谈论年龄问题 , 所以此处应该是太老。故选 __ 。 50. 根据后文 mistakes 推断 , 人们担心犯错误。故选 __ 。 55. 此处代指的是前面的 some people 。故选 __ 。 C C C A B A A A ( 三 ) 依照语境词义辨 37. 根据语境信息 , 此处是学习原因的选择 , 故选 __ 。 38. 根据空后 films or music 提供的语境 , 选 __ 。 46. 根据 but 前后的转折 , 以及前文 take years 提示 , 可知此处指用时间 少得多。故选 __ 。 54. 当你只是用他们的语言说几句话时 , 他们积极的反应会让你惊讶。 故选 __ 。 D A B B ( 四 ) 重复词汇直接选 51. 原词复现。上文反复出现 learn, 故选 __ 。 ( 五 ) 搭配题目填一填 39. have a __________ of 是固定搭配 , 意为“了解”。故选 __ 。 52. 固定句型“祈使句 +and+ 陈述句” , 故选 __ 。 ( 六 ) 依据常识选答案 53. 根据常识 , 学习一种新语言是不简单的。故选 __ 。 D knowledge B B D 　　 1. 体裁技巧 —— 说明文 　　 (1) 说明文特点 　　说明文完形填空一般有明确的说明对象 , 这个对象可以是实物 , 抽象的理论、概念、方法、技巧或风俗习惯、节日庆典等。 说明文完形填空最大的特点就是主题明确 , 层次分明。一般在文章开头就明确交代要说明的对象 , 然后对该对象的某些方面进行说明。一般每个段落介绍一个方面 , 结构非常明了。 (2) 解题技巧 针对说明文的特点 , 在做说明文完形填空时要注意以下两个方面 : ① 明确说明对象 , 理清段落关系。 说明文的首段一般就将主题明确地告诉读者 , 在浏览全文时 , 要注意把握文章的主题。同时 , 要分清各个段落之间的关系 , 搞清楚分别是说明对象的哪一方面的特征。 ② 理清说明顺序 , 分析说明手段。 说明文完形填空一般会按照时间、空间、情节发展等顺序来展开 , 并运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍或说明。掌握这个特点 , 可以系统地分析文章 , 提高对题率。 2. 考点技巧 —— 利用背景常识解题 完形填空作为独立的语篇 , 以其自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息 , 但其中渗透着相关的文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时 , 若能积极调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识 , 特别是有关中西文化差异的知识 , 将会大大简化分析过程 , 最大程度地还原文意 , 节约时间 , 顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。 【典例 1 】 “I hope I did the right thing, Mom, ”Alice said. “I saw a cat, all bloody but alive. I 　 19 (carried) it to the vet’s( 宠物医院 ), and was asked to make payment 　 20 　 . As I couldn’t reach anyone at the phone number on the cat’s tag( 标牌 ), I had to pay the bill. ” 20. A. monthly 　　 B. honestly 　　 C. generously 　 D. immediately 【点拨】 背景常识题。根据常识可知 , 在医院里要马上付费。 immediately 立刻 , 马上 , 符合语境。故选 D 。 【典例 2 】 Dario and his mother loved their new apartment. The living room was large enough for their piano. That night, the two of them 　 36 　 side by side at the piano. They played jazz music to celebrate their new home. 36. A. sat B. stood C. lay D. walked 【点拨】 背景常识题。他们肩并肩坐在钢琴边 , 弹奏爵士乐。根据常识 , 弹钢琴时 , 要坐着弹。故选 A 。 【典例 3 】 For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 　 43 　 with their new toys. 43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going 【点拨】 背景常识题。小孩当然是很高兴地摆弄玩耍自己的新玩具。孩子们在圣诞节都会收到礼物 , 这是文化背景。故选 C 。 【典例 4 】 As they left student life behind, many had a 　 23 　 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar, shook hands with longtime roommates, and 24 (moved) out of small apartments into high buildings. 23. A. last B. least C. second D. best 【点拨】 背景常识题。根据 As they left student life behind 可知当他们告别学生生活的时候 , 很多人会在当地既便宜又友好的酒吧里和室友们喝上最后一次 , 所以 A 项正确。 【误区纠偏】 【典例】 But ironing shirts was not 39 (easy) work. It didn’t make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball, and it wasn’t a 　 40 　 operation like ice-skating. 40. A. direct B. single C. smooth D. strange 【点拨】 背景常识题。熨衣服也不像滑冰那样可以平滑地操作。此题解题的关键是要有关于滑冰的常识 : 滑冰时动作非常流畅。如果没有这方面的常识就有可能错选其他选项。另外 , 背景常识题也要结合语境 , 看看语境需要哪种常识 , 做出正确选择。故选 C 。