- 1.02 MB
- 2021-04-15 发布
2020
届二轮复习 定语从句
阅读下面短文
,
根据本部分语法内容
,
在空白处填入
1
个
适当的单词。
There was a time 1. _____ I was tired of learning
English and disliked speaking English. And this was
the reason 2. ____ my father forced me to join in a 30-
day training in an English club before I went to senior
when
why
high school. When I first came to the club, 3. ______ I
met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.
So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.
Fortunately, my guide, 4. ______ teacher was Yu
Minhong, communicated with meface to face, from
5. ______ I gained some useful instructions. He also
showed me a good partner, and we got along well with
where
whose
which
each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every
day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down
a series of activities 6. __________ we did. I should be
grateful to my father and the guide, 7. ____ encouraged
me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting
to learn English, into 8. ______ I put my entire energy.
Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In
that/which
who
which
class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I
recall the passages, through 9. ______ I can memorize a
large number of new words. 10. ___ our English teacher
says, “As long as you form the habit of learning
English every day and have perseverance, you will
conquer English sooner or later. ”
which
As
考点
1
5
组易混词的用法辨析
1.
只用
that
不用
which
的情况
(1)
先行词是
all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none
等不定代词时。
All that you need to do is focus on one thing.
(2)
先行词被
the only, any, few, no, very
等修饰时。
Australia is the
only
country
that
is also a continent.
(3)
先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
This is the
most interesting
film
that
I’ve ever seen.
(4)
先行词为人、物并用时。
Do you know the
things
and persons that
they are talking about?
(5)
主句的主语是疑问词
who
或
which
时。
Which
is the bike
that
you lost?
(6)
先行词在主句中作表语
,
而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
Shandong is no longer the province
that
it used to be.
2.
只用
which
不用
that
的情况
(1)
关系代词前有介词时。
Is this the house
in which
Shakespeare was born?
(2)
引导非限制性定语从句时。
Before people retire, they usually plan to do a lot of great things,
which
they never had time to do while working.
(3)
先行词为
that/those
时。
What’s
that which
was put in the car?
(4)which
用作定语时。
He may be late, in
which
case we ought to wait for him.
3. the same. . . as
与
the same. . . that
the same. . . as
表示相似或同类的东西
; the same. . . that
表示同一人或物。
This is
the same
book
as
he lent me last week.
这与他上星期借给我的那本书属于同一类。
This is
the same
book
that
he lent me last week.
这是他上星期借给我的那本书。
4. such/so. . . as
与
such/so. . . that
such/so. . . as(
定语从句
)
像
……
那样
; such/so. . . that(
结果状语从句
)
如此
……
以至于。
We have found
such
materials
as
are used in their factory.
This is
such
an easy question
that
I can answer it.
5. as
与
which
(1)as
引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前
,
也可以放在主句后
,
有时还可插入主句。
which
引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。
(2)as
意为“正如
……”,
后面的谓语动词多用
see, know, expect, say, mention, report
等
; which
意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。
Need for Speed
is a very successful film,
as
is known to all.
The sports meeting was put off,
which
astonished us.
考点
2
关系代词
who, whom, whose
1. who
和
whom
的用法
(1)
先行词为指代人的
one, ones, anyone, those
或表示人的名词时。
The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou, the one
who
won the Nobel Prize for medicine in 2015.
(2)
在
There be
结构中
,
修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词
who
指代人。
There’s a gentleman
who
wants to see you.
(3)
一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句
,
其中一个定语从句的关系代词是
that,
另一个宜用
who
以避免重复。
The student that was praised at yesterday’s meeting is the monitor,
who
is very modest and works very hard.
(4)
当关系代词前面有介词时
,
只能用
whom, whom
在定语从句中作介词的宾语时
,
介词可放在后面
,
也可提前构成介词
+whom(
先行词指人
)
结构。
The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people,
many of whom
left their village homes for a better life in the city.
2. whose
的用法
whose
指人或物
,
作定语
,
表示“
……
的”
,
可转换为“
of +
关系代词”
,
指人时可用
of whom;
指物时可用
of which
。
The prize will go to the writer
whose
story/
of whom the story
shows the most imagination.
【
题组训练
】
This woman has set a good example to her son, ____
is a really lucky guy.
2. The teacher is a good teacher because she always
tries her best to be the one ______ classes are more
active and lively with some stories and examples.
who
whose
3. It is the largest city in Scotland, ______ has successful
business, finance, tourism and an excellent harbour as
well.
4. He is a teacher, __ can be seen from his manner.
which
as
考点
3
关系副词
关系副词
先行词
句法功能
when
时间
时间状语
where
地点、情形、状况、活动、关键点等
地点状语
why
原因
原因状语
This is the village
where
we worked ten years ago.
Do you know the reason
why
he is absent?
【
点津
】
(1)
如果定语从句修饰
point, situation, part, condition
和
case
等表示抽象意义的词
,
定语从句常用
where
引导
,
意思是“到了某种地步
,
在某种境况下”
(
前提是从句中缺少状语
)
。
(2)
当
way
表示方法、方式作先行词
,
且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用
that
或
in which
引导定语从句
,
也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语
,
要用
that
或
which
引导定语从句
,
也可以省略关系词。
I don’t like the way
that/in which/
不填
he speaks to his mother.
【
题组训练
】
(2017·
九江模拟
)Las Vegas has wonderful
restaurants ______ you can eat many different kinds of
food.
2. The old woman often looked back on the past days
_____ she worked hard to make a living.
where
when
3. The reason ____ the goods are sold at such low prices
is that the manufacturers are willing to bring down
prices in return for big volumes of purchases.
世纪金榜导学号
97862310
why
考点
4
介词
+
关系代词
1.
考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配
Wind power is an ancient source of energy
to which
we may return in the near future.
2.
考查定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯
He referred me to some reference books
with
which I
was
not very
familiar
.
3.
考查根据句意或者先行词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词
I am looking for my glasses,
without which
I can’t watch TV clearly.
4.
考查表示所属关系的
of which/whom
She showed the visitors around the museum,
the construction of which/whose construction
had taken more than three years.
注意
: the+
n.
+of which(whom)
可与
whose+
n.
互换。
5.
考查表示整体与部分关系的
of which/whom
The buses,
most of which
were already full, were surrounded by the angry crowd.
6.
考查表示同位关系的
of which/whom
She brought her three friends,
none of whom
I had ever met before.
【
点津
】
选择介词的
3
个原则
①根据句子意思表达的需要
; ②
根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯
; ③
根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。
【
题组训练
】
Get yourself familiar with local laws and customs of
the countries __ which you are travelling.
2. He wrote some of his most popular waltzes, among
______ was the well-known favourite
The Blue Danube
.
to
which
3. Besides, he lives in harmony with others and never
quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life,
from ______ I’ve gained lots of social experience,
come to my house.
whom
1. (2016·
全国卷
Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes
back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _____
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a
special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation
in the wild.
when
定语从句与语法填空
2. (2016·
全国卷
Ⅲ)Some people think that the great
Chinese scholar Confucius, ____ lived from roughly 551
to 479 B. C. , influenced the development of chopsticks.
世纪金榜导学号
97862311
who
3. (2015·
全国卷
Ⅰ)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a
dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain
tops and dark waters of the Li River __________ are
pictured by artists in so many Chinese
paintings.
that/which
【
技法点拨
】
1.
关系词应遵循“缺什么
,
补什么”的原则
①如果先行词指人
,
定语从句中缺少主语
,
限制性定语从句中用
who/that;
非限制性定语从句用
who
。
②如果先行词指人
,
定语从句中缺少宾语
,
限制性定语从句中用
who/that/whom;
非限制性定语从句用
whom
。
③
如果先行词指物
,
定语从句中缺少主语或宾语
,
限制性定语从句中用
which/that;
非限制性定语从句用
which
。
④如果先行词指时间或地点
,
定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语
,
定语从句中用
when
或
where;
如果从句缺少的是主语或宾语
,
则用
that
或
which
。
⑤
如果先行词指人
, “
介词
+
关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用
whom;
如果先行词指物
, “
介词
+
关系词”引导的定语从句中的关系词用
which
。
⑥不论先行词指人还是物
,
只要关系词在定语从句中作定语就用
whose
。
2.
牢记关系代词
that
与
which, as
与
which
的区别
定语从句与短文改错
【
考题再现
】
(2016·
四川高考
)The dishes what I cooked were
Mom’s favorite.
__________________________
what→that/which
或去掉
what
2. From this experience I have learnt that questioning
can serve as a bridge helps us to seek the truth.
___________________
bridge
后加
that/which
【
技法点拨
】
慧眼识别短文改错中定语从句的
4
个易错点
1.
缺失关系代词
;
2.
定语从句中没有考虑关系代词充当的成分
;
3.
定语从句中谓语动词的单复数弄错
;
4.
定语从句中介词漏用、介词后关系代词错用。
遇到这几种情况
,
考生应灵活运用定语从句基础知识作答。