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- 2021-04-15 发布
专题十四 简单句
易错清单
一、 陈述句的否定结构
1. 含有have的否定句
(1) have当“拥有,所有”讲时,其否定形式有两种。如:
I have an e-dictionary. 我有一个电子词典。
可改为:I don't have an e-dictionary. (√)
I have not an e-dictionary. (√)
(2) have作“吃、喝、玩、度过”讲时,其否定形式借助于助动词do。如:
I had milk for breakfast this morning. (变否定句) →I didn't have milk for breakfast this morning.
(3) have为助动词时,其否定形式为haven't。如:
I have visited Diaoyu Island. (变否定句) →I haven't visited Diaoyu Island.
2. 注意以下几种情况:
(1)含有all, both, each, every, both...and...等的肯定句加not变为否定句后,只表示部分否定;若表示全部否定,则需分别用no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neither...nor...等词替换上述词。如:
Both Mary and Joan are students
→Neither Mary nor Joan is a student.
(2)含有already (已经),too (也)的肯定句加not变为否定句时,要分别把already和too改为yet和either。如:
He has already seen the movie. (变为否定句) →He hasn't seen the movie yet.
I want to go for a picnic, too. (变否定句) →I don't want to go for a picnic,either.
(3)含有almost, many, much, often等词的肯定句可直接用never (hardly),few, little, seldom变为否定句,而不用加not。如:
He always stays up late in the evening. (变为否定句) →He never (hardly) stays up late in the evening.
There is much food in the fridge. (变为否定句)→There is little food in the
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fridge.
3. 当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时,若要否定宾语从句,应注意否定转移现象。如:
I think you are right. 我认为你是对的。
I don't think you are right. 我认为你不对。
二、 一般疑问句的回答
一般情况下,含有情态动词的一般疑问句,回答时应用与问句相同的词,但有时也用其他情态动词来回答。
用情态动词may提问时,否定回答用mustn't, can't, may not。如:
—May I smoke here?——我可以在这儿吸烟吗?
—Yes, you may. ——是的,可以。
—No, you mustn't. ——不,绝对不可以。
—No, you can't. ——不,不可以。
提分策略
简单句的基本句型各有特色。例如:反意疑问句由“陈述句+简单问句”构成;感叹句由what或how引导;祈使句由动词原形开头等。考生要熟记简单句的各种句型,积累一些经典句型。根据句型特点解答有关试题。
【例】(2014·福建福州·32)— foggy day!
—Something must be done to solve the haze problem.
A. How B. What C. What a
【解析】 本题考查感叹句的用法。因为这里是形容词foggy后面加单数名词day, 用what来引导。所以选C。
【答案】 C
2. 通过语境判断答案解题过程中,考生要正确理解句意,根据语境,将答案代入题干,然后做出正确选择。
【例】(2014·江苏苏州·2)— do you go to the sports club?
—At least once a week.
A. How long B. How often
C. How much D. How far
【解析】 本题考查疑问词的用法。根据下句的回答“至少每周一次”,
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所以可知上句问的是动作发生的频率,所以上句的疑问词是how often。
【答案】 B
专项训练
1. (2014·内蒙古赤峰·37)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students.
— good teacher!
A. How B. What
C. What a D. What an
2. (2014· 江苏常州·28)—Millie hardly did the housework after she bought the robot, ?
— . She could relax and have time for her hobbies.
A. did she; Yes B. didn't she; No
C. didn't she; Yes D. did she; No
3. (2014·山东德州·20)He's still not understood by his close friend although he has said sorry to him, ?
A. hasn't he B. has he
C. isn't he D. is he
4. (2013·四川成都)— do you surf the Internet, Maria?
—Twice a week.
A. How long B. How often
C. How soon
5. (2013·四川绵阳)—Don't smoke in the reading room, ?
—I'm sorry. I won't do it again.
A. will you B. shall we
C. do you
6. (2013·湖南长沙)— do you think of the film?
—Very interesting.
A. What B. Who
C. How
7. (2013·天津)— nice dress it is!
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—Thank you!
A. What a B. What
C. How D. How a
8. (2013·河北)— is the dictionary?
—It's $22. 95.
A. How old B. How long
C. How thick D. How much
参考答案与解析
1. C 解析:考查感叹句的用法。句中的名词是单数形式,感叹句应该用what a 来引导。故选C。
2. A 解析:考查反意疑问句的用法。疑问句的陈述部分含否定意义,疑问部分应该用肯定结构,所以排除B、C两项。由应答句后面一句判断,该疑问句应该作肯定回答。故选A。
3. D 解析:考查反意疑问句的用法。该句是让步状语从句,主句是一般现在时态的被动语态,反意问句应该与主句一致,故选D。
4. B 解析:考查疑问副词的用法。how long 询问(延续)多长时间,回答用for...或since...引导的时间状语;how often 多久一次,询问动作的频率,多长时间;how soon 询问还要多久才……,一般用于将来时,回答用in + 一段时间。
5. A 解析:考查反意疑问句。句子的陈述部分是祈使句,祈使句的反意疑问句的疑问部分是will you? 故选A。
6. A 解析:考查特殊疑问词的用法。根据对话中的答语“很有趣”可知,提问的是对事物的看法,用句型“What do you think of...?”。故选A。
7. A 解析:考查感叹句的用法。nice dress为可数名词短语,前用what,可数名词短语前面要用冠词a/an, 故选A。
8. D 解析: 考查疑问副词的用法。how old 询问多大岁数,how long询问多长时间,how thick询问多厚,how much询问多少钱。此题的答语是价钱,故选D。
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