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- 2021-04-14 发布
2019届二轮复习名词性从句专题训练学案
基础知识
一、名词性从句概念：
名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句，宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句主要有4种从句结构：（1）that引导的从句（2）以whether/if引导的从句。（3）以特殊疑问词引导的从句：a连接代词；what .who. whom. which. whose.等。b连接副词：when. where. why和how等（4）以what.或wh-ever 等连接代词引导的名词性从句。如：whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever、whenever、wherever和however等。此外as if/as though可引导表语从句。
二、具体用法：
主语从句：
1、that引导的主语从句位于句首：
eg: That he will come to visit us makes us excited
=It makes us excited that he’ll come to visit us.
That in some contries women are still treated unequally is unfair.
=It is unfair that in some contries women are still treated unequally
2、that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语常见的句型有:
（1）It is/was+adj; (necessary, important, strange, unbelievable, vita, etc)+that从句[should + v,原]
eg: It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages.
It is strange that you(should) trust Jane.
（2）It is/ was+名词词组（no wonder/ an honer/ a good thing/ a pity/ no surprise. etc）+that+从句
eg: It’s a pity that we can’t go.
It’s no surprise that our team has won the game.
（3）It is/ was＋过去分词（said/ reported/ thought/ expected/ decided/announced/ arranged/ suggested/ advised/ ordered/ requested/ insisted/ required/ demanded等）＋that＋从句
eg: It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.
It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.
注：表建议、命令、要求的过去分词后的that从句中的谓语V用should+V.原
（4）It+特殊动词（happen/ occur/ seem/ appear/ chance等）+that从句。
eg: It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager
It happened/ chanced that I had been away when he called.
3、Whether/ if引导的主语从句。引导词whether/if在从句中不作成分，但有“是否”之意。
whether引导的主语从句可以置于句首或句末，但if引导的主语从句不能置于句首只能置于句末
eg: whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
→It is doubtful whether /if the work can be completed on time.
Whether he will attend the party is not known.
→It is not known whether/if he will attend the party.
4、wh一类连接词引导的主语从句。
eg: What we should do next is clear now.
Why he did that made us puzzled.
Where we can look up his address is still a problem.
no use/ good
5、It is a waste of time/money +doing sth
useless/worthless/valueless
eg: It is no use crying over the spilt milk
.
宾语从句。
1、动词的宾语从句。
大多数及物动词可以接宾语从句，有些短语动词也可接宾语从句，宾语从句有时可以用it形式宾语代替，真正的宾语从句后置。
eg: He told us that they would help us through the whole work.
Make sure that the door is closed.
I feel it necessary that we take plenty of exercise every day.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
I hate it when people speak with their mouth full of food.
no use/ good
Sb think/ find/ consider等+it+ it useless/ worthless/valueless +doing sth
a waste of time/money
eg: I find it no good/ use quarreling with her.
2、介词宾语从句
一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但except, but, besides. 三个介词后有时也可以接that引导的宾语从句，在口语中that可省略。
Nothing pleased her but that we go away.
You may depend on it that I shall always help you when you are in trouble.
3、形容词的宾语从句。
在sure/ certain/ glad/ pleased/ happy/ afraid/ surprised/ satisfied/ sorry等表示情感的形容词后可以接宾语从句。
eg: I’m not sure whether they’ll agree with such a plan.
I’m extremely sorry that I’ve troubled you so much.
4、that引导的宾语从句，引导词that一般可省略，但有时不能省。
①当一个动词带有两个或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其余的that 不能够省略。
eg: Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language ,saying(that)it was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.
②在双宾语的句子中，作直接宾语的从句中的that不能省略。
eg: He told us that he had passed the exam.
③当宾语的从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。
eg: Many people simply couldn’t believe that what he had written was true.
④当宾语从句有it作形式宾语时。
eg: We all consider it important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.
表语从句。
1、that引导表语从句时不可省略。
eg: My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
2、系动词+表语从句，可以接表语从句的连系动词除be动词外，还有seem. look. appear. sound. taste. feel. smell. remain等）
eg: It looks as if It’s going to rain.
It sounds as if you’re from America.
3、主语是名词reason时，表语从句的连接词用that，而不用why或because.
eg: The reason for such an accident is that the driver was too careless.
4、若主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，reguest，demand，requirement等，表“建议、要求或命令”的词时，表语从句的谓V用（should）+V原。
eg: My suggestion is that we (should)have a discussion about it.
The captain’s order was that we (should)start out at once.
同位语从句。
是用以说明或解释某一名词的内容或实质的从句，在主句中的作用等同于其所修饰的名词。
1、同位语从句的连接词，常用的引导词有that，whether, why, how, when, who, where等。if不能引导同位语从句，其中that和whether不作成分，that没有意义。Whether有“是否之意，其它连接词具有实际意义，同时在句中作一定的成分。
2、同位语从句所修饰的名词，不是所有的名词都有可以接同位语从句，可以被同位语从句修饰的多是会有抽象意义的名词，常见的有：advice. belief. fear. fact. news. doubt. explanation. idea. hope. order. opinion. possibility等。
注：同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
1、所有表达的内容不同，它们都是用来修饰名词的。定语从句说明名词的性质、特征来源等；而同位语从句说明名词表示的具体内容。
eg: The fact that he presented was a strong proof.(定语从句)
The fact that she hadn’t said anything surprised us.(同位语从句)
2、在从句中所起的作用不同，引导定语从句的关系代词that 在从句中作主语，宾语等成分；而引导同位语从句的引导词that在句中不作成分。
eg: He expressed the hope that he would come to China.(同位语从句)
He expressed the hope that was unrealistic for him.(定语从句)
The life that he led was a happy one.(定语从句)
The idea that the environrent should be protected was put forward.(同位语从句)
一些连接词的用法区别：
1、whether与if
①if和whether在表“是否”意义时，引导动词的宾语从句二者可以通用，但介词或动词discuss, debate后的宾语从句一般不用if要用whether.
eg: I’ll try to find out whether/if the machine is in good condition.
I’m not interested in whether they believe in me or not.
②与or not连用时，一般用whether; 如果or not与whether分开时，可以与if通用。
eg: I wonder whether or not we should buy it.
I wonder whether/if we should buy it or not.
③宾语从句置于句前时用whether.
eg: Whether they will join in the club, I don’t care.
④在容易产生歧义的句子中，常用whether不用if.
eg: Let me know whether you can come .告诉我你是否回来。
2、what与that
what在从句中多作主语、宾语、表语，相当于all that；而that在从句中不担任成分。
eg: China is no longer what it used to be.（表语）
They built a shop in what used to be a waste land.（主语）
I realized what I said was not exactly what I meant to say.（宾语）
3、whoever与whomever
whoever在从句中作主语，而whomever在从句中作宾语。
eg: I’ll make friends with whoever shares with me in happiness and hardship in my school.（主语）
He is free to marry whomever he chooses.（宾语）
4、whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever, etc可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，而no matter……只引导让步状语从句。
eg: Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.（主语从句）
Whoever (=No matter who) breaks the law, we’ll punish him.（让步状语从句）
Whoever breaks the law is to be punished.（主语从句）
基础训练
Ⅰ. Multiple choice.
1. _____ She is a rich woman is known to all in the city.
A. / B. That C.Who D. Because
2. My cousin asked me _____ I could lend him the Chinese novel.
A. whether B. / C. that D. which
3.The fact _____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
4.“What are you doing here, Joan?” Robert asked.
A.Robert asked Joan: what she is doing there.
B.Robert asked Joan what she was doing there.
C.Robert asked her what was she doing there.
D.Robert asked Joan she was doing what there.
5._____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
6.They have no idea at all _____.
A.where has he gone B. which place he has gone
C. where he has gone D. where did he go
7. The reason he has been such a success he never gives up.
A. is because B. is what C. is that D. is
8. _____ Mathematics is the base of all other sciences.
A. This is because B. This is that C. It is that D. Because
9.China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer _____.
A.what it used to be B. what it was used to being
C. what it used to being D. what it was used to be
10.The reason why he hasn't come is _____.
A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mother's being ill
C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill
11.The man asked _____.
A. what was going on there B. what it was going on there
C. what's going on there D. what going on there
12._____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
13.It was possible, but not probable _____ manager of the firm.
A. he will be elected B. he must be elected
C.that he would be elected D. that he must be elected
14.It's uncertain _____ the experiment is worth doing.
A. if B. that C. whether D. how
15. _____ I have will be yours sooner or later.
A. No matter what B. No matter whatever C. Whatever D. That
16.I'll eat _____ you give me.
A. no matter what B. no matter whatever C. whatever D. what
17. _____ I can't understand is _____ he wants to change his mind.
A. That; that B. Which; what C. What; what D. What; why
18.I wonder how much _____.
A. cost these shoes B. do these shoes cost
C. these shoes cost D. are these shoes cost
19. _____ I will accept the gift is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. What D. Which
20.We could see the tower clearly from _____ we were standing.
A.where B. there C. which D. it
21._____ there is life on another planet is almost impossible.
A. How B. That C. Why D. Whether
22.The demand _____ the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable.
A. what B. that C. which D. when
23. _____ was a well-known fact.
A. That their team was weak B. That their team being weak
C. Their team was weak D. If their team was weak
24.Has it been announced _____ the planes are to take off?
A. when B. what C. where D. who
25.Nobody knew _____ .
A. where he comes B. where he was from
C. where he is from D. where does he come from
26.Father asked _____.
A. what was wrong with me B. what's wrong with me
C. what wrong was with me D. what wrong is with me
27.The trouble is _____ we are short of tools.
A. what B. that C. how D. why that
28.It is possible _____ he misunderstood ____ I said.
A. that; that B. what; what
C. what; that D. that; what
29.The fact _____ he is an orphan is well known.
A. what B. that C. which D. /
30. _____ I was free that evening.
A. It happened to B. It happened that
C. That happened D. It was happened that
31. _____ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday.
A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said
32.Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on _____ he saw and heard in Britain.
A. what B. all what C. that D. which
33.The problem is _____ will go.
A. that B. that who C. who D. whoever
34. _____ nothing to do with us.
A. What he did is B. What he has done
C. What did he do D. What he has done has
35.The reason is _____ I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
36.That is_____ we were absent last time.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
37. _____ is announced, all the schools will reopen soon.
A. It B. That C. As D. When
38._____ is announced that all the schools will reopen soon.
A. It B. That C. Which D. As
39.She will give_____ needs help a warm support.
A. what B. which C. whoever D. whom
40._____ she needs is to have a good rest.
A. That B. What C. Whoever D. The things what
41.They couldn't understand _____ I refused.
A. what B. why C. that D. where
42. _____ I am anxious to know is_____ we can visit the Museum.
A. What; that B. What; when C. That; where D. Where; when
43. _____ was lying.
A. Those who told you that B. Anyone told you
C. Whoever told you D. Whoever told you that
44.A man's worth lies not so much in _____ he has as in_____ he is.
A. that; what B. what; what C. that; that D. what ; that
45._____ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.
A. What we B. That we C. Because we D. We
46. I have not found my bike yet; in fact, _____ I could have done with it I'm not sure.
A. where B. whether C. how D. what
47.The difficulty lies in _____ we have no money.
A. that B. which C. the fact D. the fact that