2020届二轮复习英语专题辅导专题4语法填空教师课件1 40页

第二部分　题型应对策略　 题型一　提示类填空 第 1 讲　动词的时态和语态与主谓一致 　　动词在 7 个提示词中所占的比重最大 , 一般 4 个 ; 以考查动词的时态和语态以及非谓语动词为主。 　　若句中没有别的谓语动词 , 或者虽然已有谓语动词 , 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时 , 所给动词就是谓语动词 , 则需要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致 , 有时还需考虑虚拟语气。 技法 1 　提示词为动词时 , 确定时态的四根据 1. 【解析 】 have made 。考查时态。根据时间状语 over the years 可知本句用现在完成时。 2. 【解析 】 recommended 。考查时态。根据 and 可知所填词语与前面的 shared 构成并列谓语结构 , 故填 recommended 。 3. 【解析 】 declared 。考查时态。根据从句的谓语动词 had no plan 以及上下文的时态可知要用一般过去时态。 4. 【解析 】 was driving 。根据固定句型 : was/were doing sth . + when. . . , 可知 , 应用过去进行时。 【技法点金 】 1. 认清常考时态的标志性时间状语 (1) 一般现在时 : 看到 every time, now and then, often, sometimes, usually, occasionally, always, seldom 等时间状语 , 要想到用一般现在时。 (2) 一般过去时 : 看到 yesterday, last year, in 2015, the other day, two days ago, 一段时间 +later 等时间状语 , 要想到用一般过去时。 (3) 一般将来时 : 看到 tomorrow, next year, in a week, in the future, right away, soon, tonight 等时间状语 , 要想到用一般将来时。 (4) 现在进行时 : 看到 all the time, at this moment, at present, always, continually, constantly 等时间状语 , 要想到用现在进行时。 (5) 现在完成时 : 看到 since, recently, lately, already, in the last/past few days, so far, up to now, till now, for+ 时间段 , it is the first time. . . 等标志词 , 要想到用现在完成时。 (6) 过去完成时 : 看到 by then, by the end of. . . , by that time, it was the first time. . . 等标志词 , 要想到用过去完成时。 2. 牢记常见固定句式中的时态 (1)was/were doing. . . when+ 一般过去时 (2)was / were about to do. . . when+ 一般过去时 (3)had (just) done. . . when+ 一般过去时 (4)Hardly +had + 主语 +done. . . when+ 一般过去时 (5)No sooner +had+ 主语 +done. . . when+ 一般过去时 (6)This/That/It is the + 序数词 +time +that+ 现在完成时 (7)This/That/It was the + 序数词 +time +that+ 过去完成时 (8)It is/has been+ 时间段 +since+ 一般过去时 【易错警示 】 忽略时间状语 , 相近时态混用 ① China _________(spend) a lot of money on such research in the recent years.   ②( 变式 ) China _________(spend) a lot of money on such research in the past.   【剖析 】 　　题 ① 中的时间状语 in the recent years 是与现在有关的时间状语 , 说明 spend 动作与现在有关 , 应用现在完成时 , 应填 has spent 。 题 ② 中的 in the past 指的是过去的时间 , 谓语动词应用一般过去时 , 应填 spent 。 【过关检测 】 1. (2018 · 全国卷 Ⅲ)True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal ______(mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder! ” meant 2. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ______ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. ” 3. (2018 · 北京高考 )China’s high-speed railways _____ ______(grow) from 9, 000 to 25, 000 kilometers in the past few years.   comes have grown 4. I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year, I ____(be) lucky enough to take part in an event called “Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners. ” 5. He looked around at all the faces: he had the impression that he ________(see) most of the guests before.   was had seen 技法 2 　提示词为动词时 , 明确逻辑关系定语态 1. 【解析 】 were invited 。考查时态与语态。根据时间状语 On the last day of our week-long stay 可知 , 此处应用一般过去时 ; 且根据空格后的 to attend 可知此处主语 we 与 invite 之间为被动关系 , 构成 sb. be invited to do sth . 结构 , 故填 were invited 。 2. 【解析 】 sells 。根据句意可知 , sell 在此表示事物所具有的特征 , 应用主动形式。 【技法点金 】 牢记几种常考时态的被动语态构成 常见时态 被动 一般现在时 am/is/are done 现在完成时 have/has been done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 一般过去时 was/were done 常见时态 被动 过去完成时 had been done 过去进行时 was/were being done 一般将来时 will be done 过去将来时 would be done 【易错警示 】 注意英汉区别 , 正确选用语态 ① The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu , _________(sell) well.   ②( 变式 ) The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu , _________(sell) out here.   【剖析 】 　　题 ① 中的 sell 表示的是主语 books 的某种属性 , 意为 “卖得好 , 畅销” , 表示状态 , 应用主动语态 , 填 sell; 题 ② 中的 sell 强调动作 , 指的是书“已经卖完了” , 应用现在完成时的被动语态 , 填 have been sold 。 【过关检测 】 1. (2017 · 全国卷 Ⅲ)Sarah ___________________ (tell)that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.   2. (2018 · 天津高考 )My washing machine _______ ________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.   has been told/was told is being repaired 3. (2019 · 莆田一模 ) If your experience of the above is zero, you __________(see) as being behind the times.   4. (2019 · 湛江二模 )The importance of dragon to Chinese people is like water to creatures, and it __ ________(reflect) in people’s life, beliefs and ideology.   will be seen is reflected 技法 3 　提示词为动词时 , 确定主谓一致的三原则 1. 【解析 】 are 。主语为 six, 表示六个子群 , 谓语动词应用复数 ; 结合前一句 three are declining 可知应用一般现在时。 2. 【解析 】 enjoys 。分析句子结构可知 , enjoy 在句中作谓语 , 主语是 not only the students but also the teacher, 根据就近一致原则 , enjoy 应与 the teacher 主谓一致 , 应用单数形式。 3. 【解析 】 were trapped 。分析句子结构可知 , trap 在句中作谓语 , 主语是 the family, 在此指的是一家人 , 根据意义一致原则 , 应用复数形式。 【技法点金 】 一、明晰主谓一致三原则中的常考点 1. 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 ; 可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。 2. 就近一致原则 由 neither. . . nor. . . , either. . . or. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , or 等连接并列主语时 , 谓语要和位置上最近的主语保持一致。 3. 就远原则 主语后跟有 with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等引导的短语时 , 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语一致。 4. 集体名词看作整体时 , 谓语用单数形式 ; 看作个体时 , 谓语用复数形式。 5. 非谓语动词、从句作主语时 , 谓语一般用单数形式。 二、掌握常考的三种特殊情况 1. “many a/more than one+ 单数名词”作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数 , 表示复数意义。 2. “half/most/the rest/the remaining/one third of + 名词”作主语时 , 若这个结构中的名词为复数 , 则谓语用复数形式 ; 若这个结构中的名词为单数或不可数名词 , 则谓语用单数形式。 3. all, the remaining, the rest, what, who, some, most 等作主语时 , 谓语动词的数根据它们的实际意义而定。 【易错警示 】 分析句子结构 , 避免误判主语 ① It is reported that three ways to grow more trees in the desert _________(be) very effective.   ②It is reported that finding ways to grow more trees in the desert _________his life goal.   【剖析 】 　　题 ① 中的主语是 three ways, 主语是复数 , 谓语动词应用复数 , 应填 are; 题 ② 中主语是 finding ways to grow more trees in the desert 是动名词作主语 , 谓语动词应用单数 , 应填 is 。 【过关检测 】 1. (2018 · 全国卷 Ⅰ) While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it __(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. is 2. (2017 · 全国 卷 Ⅰ)Fast food __(be)full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 3. (2017 · 天津高考改编 )Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, __________(regard)as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.   is is regarded 4. (2017 · 浙江 11 月高考 ) This isn’t as hard as it ______ (sound), and it is far better than any other method. sounds