2018届二轮复习阅读理解专题：七选五解题指导课件（24张） 24页

2018 届二轮复习 七选五解题指导 解题指导 高考题型七选五主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。 因此，我们不仅要对所读文章的主旨大意和具体信息有所了解，还要把握整篇文章的结构脉络和作者的写作思路。 从七个选项中选出五个正确答案的模式看似很难，但只要我们了解了这种题型的特点，掌握了一定的解题技巧，就可以用很短的时间选出正确的答案。我们总结了七选五的解题步骤，供大家参考。 一、通读全文，了解文章大意 快速浏览全文，寻找主题句，掌握文章结构和主要内容。“开门见山”与“结尾总结”是最常见的写作方式，因此，在阅读过程中，要特别注意文章的首尾两段，这样可以快速掌握文章的主题。另外，不少文章都有标题或小标题，通过标题我们也可以大致确定文章的主题。 二、浏览选项，初选答案 在浏览完全文，对全文的大意有所了解后，我们应该顺次浏览一下所有的选项。在浏览的过程中，要特别注意选项中出现的与原文相同或者相似的词语，如果遇到这种情况，可以试着把选项代入原文，看看是否符合上下文逻辑。 三、详读阅读，确定答案 仔细阅读文章正文部分并找出各个段落的关键词，为解题做好铺垫，然后再明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。 一般来说，文章的行文需要通过一定的衔接手段来实现。文章的衔接手段有：重复使用某一词语或其近义词，用总称指代具体事物或用具体事物指代整体，使用代词避免重复，使用语篇标记语连接句子等。有时候我们在读文章时即使没有发现明显的衔接手段，也能感觉到字里行间千丝万缕的逻辑关联。因此我们在解题过程中，要特别注意以下几点： 1. 词汇复现 复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现通常有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。 2. 代词 在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或者句子，从而帮助我们解题。 3. 语篇标记语 语篇是由句子构成的，但是如果一组意义相关的句子不通过一定的过渡词语或其他连句手段合乎逻辑地连接起来，那么这组句子就不能构成篇章。也就是说，起衔接作用的 语篇标记语在语篇中的作用相当重要。语篇标记语有表示逻辑关系的 thus, therefore, so 等；表示结构层次的 firstly, secondly, thirdly 等；表示改变话题的 by the way 等；表示递进关系的 besides, what’s more 等；表示时间关系的 before, so far, meanwhile 等。在做七选五题目时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标记语，我们就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文关系。 四、对比分析，排除干扰 我们在选完答案后，还要注意对多余选项进行对比分析。由于多余选项可能会与某个正确选项的内容相近，所以我们要对其进行研究，确定排除理由，从而选出正确答案。 五、重读全文，验证答案 最后，我们还需要再次通读全文，检查文章逻辑是否合理、语义是否清晰、语句是否连贯通畅，从而判断所选答案是否正确。 高考链接 2016 全国卷 I Secret codes ( 密码 ) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer. People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags ( 落后 ) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography. There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels”spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently. A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B. In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. 【语篇解读 】 本文是说明文。人们用密码传递信息已有几千年的历史，本文介绍了三种主要的密码类型。 【答案解析 】 36. D 。根据该空前一句 People have used secret codes for thousands of years 和后一句 Code breaking never lags far behind code making 可知，空格处在此承上启下，说明“只要有密码存在，人们就会想方设法破解密码”。 37. E 。根据下一句举例中的 the first letters of 可知，此处介绍的第一种密码类型是“把每个单词的首字母组合成新单词”。 38. G 。 G 项中的 use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet 和该空后举例中的 number the letters of the alphabet 相呼应。 39. F 。 F 项中的 With a code book 和 words that would stand for other words 分别与该空前的 have a code book 以及该空后举的例子“ bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for“me .” 相呼应。 40. A 。 A 项中的 It is very hard 与该空后的 it is also hard 相呼应。 2016 全国卷 II A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum ( 总和 ) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ● 17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ● Recall (回忆) your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma ’ s rose garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that's not what's important. 19 — how being in those gardens made us feel. If you ’ d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 . Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It's our experience of the garden that matters D. It's delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have 【语篇解读 】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了如何打造适合自 己的花园。 【答案解析 】 16. F 。本空上一句问你是否去过一个似乎就是为 你量身打造的花园，本空后介绍如何打造适合 自己的花园，故 F 项“你也可以在自己的花园里 创造那种不可思议的魔力”在这里能起到承上 启下的作用。 17. A 。根据下文内容，尤其是 there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden 可知，本段主要建议读者“知道 你为什么要从事园艺活动”。 18. E 。 E 项中的 Still others 不仅承接上文中的 Some people 和 Others ，而且 E 项中的 enjoy being outdoors and close to plants 是打造花园的 一个原因，符合本段主题。 19. C 。根据上文中的 ... that's not what's important 可推测，本句应是讲真正重要的东西。再根据本空后的 how being in those gardens made us feel 可知，“真正重要的是我们在花园里的体验”。 20. G 。 G 项中的 those gardens 指的就是本空上一句中的 the gardens ofyour youth ，而且 G 项 中的 the strongest memory 与本空下一句中的 your childhood memories 相呼应。